Spain’s R&D spending dropped 2.8% to €14,184 million ($19,700 million) in 2011 to make up 1.33% of GDP. R&D spending by the business sector fell 1.5% to account for 52% of spending. Spending by the higher education and public administration declined 2.9% and 5.7% to make up 28% and 20%, respectively. The public administration sector financed 45% of R&D activities, and 44%, 7% and 4% of R&D funding came from business, foreign sources and higher education, respectively. Manufacturing and services comprised 49% and 48% of R&D spending, respectively. R&D services made up 20% of R&D activities, followed by pharmaceuticals and “professional, scientific and technical activities (excluding R&D),” which each accounted for 9% of spending. The number of full-time R&D employees in Spain in 2011 declined 3.1% to 215,079, of which 61% were researchers.

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística