In 2007, R&D spending by the EU27 totaled €229 billion ($314 billion), and was flat at 1.85% of GDP. Germany (€62 billion), France (€39 billion) and the United Kingdom (€37 billion) accounted for 60% of R&D expenditures. The highest R&D intensities (R&D as a percentage of GDP) were recorded by Sweden (3.60%), Finland (3.47%) and Austria ($2.56%). R&D intensity for Germany, France and the United Kingdom was 2.54%, 2.08% and 1.79%, respectively. In 2007, 2.3 million people were employed full-time in R&D in the EU27, accounting for 1.6% of total employment. The highest proportion of R&D personnel to total employment was in Finland (3.2%), Sweden (2.7%) and Luxembourg (2.6%). Researchers represented 0.9% of the EU27’s total employment, led by Finland (2.1%), Denmark (1.6%), Luxembourg (1.3%) and Austria (1.3%).

Source: Eurostat