R&D spending in Spain declined 5.6% in 2012 to €13,392 million ($17,169 million), or 1.3% of GDP. R&D spending by the business sector fell 4.1% to make up 53% of total R&D spending. Higher education R&D spending declined 7.2% to make up 28%, and public sector R&D spending fell 7.4% to account for 19%. Business, the public sector, foreign sources and higher education were responsible for 46%, 43%, 7% and 4% of R&D funding, respectively. R&D services accounted for 21% of R&D expenditures. “Professional, scientific and technical activities, except R&D services, accounted for 9%, and pharmaceuticals accounted for 8%. The number of full-time R&D employees totaled 208,831, including 126,777 full-time researchers.

Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística