Turkey’s gross expenditure on R&D increased 17.1% in 2012 to TRY 13,062 million ($7,249 million) at current prices. Current costs accounted for 87% of expenditures, and capital costs made up 13%. The business sector performed 45% of R&D and funded 47%. The manufacturing sector accounted for the largest percentage of R&D expenditures by business at 53%. Within manufacturing, the highest R&D expenditure by percentage, at 25%, was for the “manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers.“ The higher education sector performed 44% of R&D and funded 28%. Within this sector, the highest percentage of R&D expenditures was for medical science, which accounted for 32%. The government sector performed 11% of R&D and funded 28%. The largest percentage of government expenditure on R&D was 27% for “exploration and exploitation of the earth.” Other national sources provided 3% of R&D funding and foreign funds provided 1%. The number of full-time equivalent R&D personnel rose 13.3% to 105,122, with 50% employed by the business sector.

Source: TurkStat