The Turkish government has allocated TRY 7.461 million ($2.566 million) for R&D in 2016, a 20.9% increase. This budget pertains to government-funded R&D in the federal, business, private and higher education sectors, as well as to organizations established abroad. In 2015, R&D funding accounted for 0.32% of GDP and 1.08% of the government’s annual budget for a total of TRY 6.2 million. “Indirect R&D support,” which includes tax incentives and exemptions, reductions in R&D employees’ taxes and contributions from social security, was TRY 1.7 million in 2015; this year, indirect R&D support increased 11.4% to TRY 1.2 million. The allocation of R&D funds is based on Turkey’s “Socio-Economic Objectives,” which consist of R&D financed from General University Funds, which received 32% of funding in 2016; Defense, which accounted for 29%; Industrial Production and Technology, which represented 14%; Education, which received 4%; Agriculture, which also represented 4%; and Other, which received the remaining 17%.

Source: Turkish Statistical Institute