Turkey’s gross domestic R&D expenditure (GERD) as a percentage of GDP was 8.4% in 2010, down slightly from 8.5% in 2009. In total, GERD by the business sector, public sector and universities grew 14.6% to TRY 9,268 million ($6.17 billion). In 2010, 46% of R&D was performed by the higher education sector, 43% was performed by the business enterprise sector and 11% was performed by the government. In 2009, these sectors accounted for 47%, 40% and 13% of R&D performed, respectively. In 2010, 45% of R&D funding came from business enterprises, 31% came from the government, 20% came from the higher education sector, 4% came from other national sources and less than 1% came from foreign sources. The number of Turkey’s full-time equivalent (FTE) R&D employees rose 11.3% in 2010 to 81,792. By sector, 46% of FTE R&D staff were employed by business enterprises, 40% were employed by higher education and 15% worked in government. For every 10,000 people employed in Turkey in 2010, 36.2 were FTE R&D staff.

Source: TurkStat