For fiscal 2015, the Turkish government’s preliminary R&D allocations totaled TRY 5,850 million ($2,140 million), rising 4.3%. Indirect R&D support (tax incentives, exemptions, reductions in wage taxes for R&D workers and social security contributions) were projected at TRY 1,491 million, up 9.6%. At 40%, R&D from General University Funds (GUF) for “general advancement of knowledge” accounted for the largest portion of the R&D budget. Defense, industrial production and technology, and “general advancement of knowledge” not from GUF, accounted for 21%, 16% and 9%, respectively. In 2014, R&D spending constituted 0.32% of GDP and 1.12% of the Central Government’s expenditures, falling from 0.37% and 1.28%, respectively.

Source: Turkish Statistical Institute