Flash point testing determines the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to become ignited near its surface. To determine a liquid’s flash point, a sample is heated, often while stirring, until a nearby ignition source is able to ignite the vapors. For samples with particularly low flash points, refrigeration is often […]
Water baths are used to hold lab specimens or reagents at desired temperatures. The relatively high heat retention of water allows it to maintain its temperature. The applications of water baths span a wide range and include coliform determination, immunohistochemistry and microbiological assays. Some of these applications, such as biochemical experiments, require high temperature precision […]
XRF is a standard elemental-analysis technique with a broad range of applications. In addition to compositional analysis of samples, XRF can be used in specialized applications, such as measuring the thickness of layers or coatings on samples. In XRF, x-rays are directed from a source onto a sample, penetrating the sample surface at a depth […]
On-line process GC (PGC) systems are permanently installed instruments used to analyze complex mixtures in real time. Like all GC systems, including laboratory and portable systems, a PGC instrument is comprised of three functional components: a sample-handling system, a chromatograph oven and controller electronics. One of the largest application areas for PGC systems is the […]
NMR provides a truly unique way to probe samples. While most forms of instrumentation probe the chemical, optical or electronic structure of molecules and atoms, NMR keys off the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei, which are ultimately due to the quantum mechanical–spin magnetic moment of the component neutrons and protons in each nucleus. In NMR, […]
Gel electrophoresis uses electrical charge to separate macromolecules, such as DNA, RNA and proteins, by size or charge within a matrix. The matrix, or gel, is typically made of agarose or polyacrylamide. Samples are loaded into wells at the edge of a gel along with a ladder— a premade mixture of molecules with a known […]
TOC analysis is a technique for measuring the total concentration of carbon from organic sources in water. For environmental processes, it is often used to assess the amount of organic impurities in public water sources to ensure safe levels. Measurement of TOC requires the conversion of a sample’s carbonaceous material to carbon dioxide. Most analyzers […]
Incubators are designed to maintain isolated space under specific environmental conditions for the growth of biological specimens. These instruments have a range of complexity, offering differing levels of control over a microenvironment. Carbon dioxide incubators are typically used in cell-culture applications where an environment that simulates physiological conditions is highly desirable. Studies have shown that […]
Nanoindentation technology is used to analyze the mechanical properties of a material specimen, such as hardness and modulus of elasticity. Instruments used for nanoindentation testing are operated by pushing an indenter made of hard material, such as diamond or sapphire, onto a softer material for a prearranged pressure and time interval. Material specimens are mounted […]
Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) is a preparative separation technique using two immiscible liquids. One carries the sample, forming the mobile phase, while the other serves as the stationary phase. The three types of CCC are droplet (DCCC), hydrostatic or centrifugal-partition chromatography (CPC), and hydrodynamic. DCCC uses gravity to draw the mobile phase with the sample through […]
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IBO (Instrument Business Outlook) is a twice-monthly newsletter aimed at providing decision-makers with the latest and most complete information available on the life science and analytical instrument industry, and lab product markets. IBO delivers the latest curated industry news, information and trends, as well as SDi data and analysis to deliver the maximum in industry insight with a minimum time investment for executives and investors.
