Reflectometry, as its name suggests, is a measurement technology that depends on analyzing the light reflected off a surface. The technique is used to characterize the properties and qualities of surfaces and surface coatings. Applications include thin film metrology, thin film optical properties, surface roughness, optical roughness, luminance, opacity, gloss, haze and other features of […]

Not to be confused with next generation sequencers (NGS), gene mapping systems are another tool for analyzing DNA molecules. Gene mapping systems are not as detailed as NGS systems, but instead provide information about where certain sequences appear on a chromosome. They provide information complementary to NGS results. The information that gene mapping systems provide […]

In the 19th century, physicists discovered an unusual electrical phenomenon when ultraviolet light was shone upon metals. One of the mysterious aspects of this “photoelectric effect” was ultimately explained by Albert Einstein, and it was for this work that he received his Nobel Prize. He proposed that light was composed of quanta that carry energy […]

Molecular cytogenetic technologies have become vitally important in the analysis of chromosomes for both diagnostics and research applications. Technologies such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and microarrays are replacing traditional karyotyping. FISH uses fluorescent probes that bind to the complementary DNA sequence on a chromosome. The samples are typically placed on a glass slide, […]

Next generation sequencers (NGS) revolutionized the market for DNA analysis. However, the instruments’ cost has traditionally been a limiting factor for many laboratories to acquire and utilize the technology on their own bench. Instead, scientists would have to send their samples to core facilities to have them sequenced. Personal DNA sequencers are the next iteration […]

Thermal analysis instrumentation is united by its focus on the effect of temperature on samples. Techniques differ in the properties each measures during the analysis. In the case of dielectric thermal analysis (DETA), the measurements provide information on the electrical behavior of the material in the sample. The heart of a DETA instrument is similar […]

Tissue homogenization is often the very first step in isolating cells for either analysis or further extraction of their content, such as DNA and proteins. The traditional method of performing tissue homogenization is by manually applying force onto tissues in order to break them into smaller, homogenous pieces, from which the cells and other components […]

Triple quadrupole LC/MS has established itself as the leading MS technique, as it can provide extremely accurate quantitation of trace level compounds in almost any type of sample. This has made it popular across a diverse range of industries and applications. Despite the size and relative maturity of the market, competitors have continued to enter […]

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was historically the first form of electron microscopy to be developed and successfully marketed. The technology represented a true breakthrough in microscopy, as it allowed researchers to achieve resolutions far beyond the capabilities of conventional light microscopes. Optical microscopes, being dependent on light, are generally limited to resolving features no smaller […]